Cast iron is made by re-melting pig iron, often along with substantial quantities of scrap iron and scrap steel and taking various steps to remove undesirable contaminants such as phosphorus and sulphur. Depending on the application, carbon and silicon content are reduced to the desired levels, which may be anywhere from 2 to 3.5% and 1 to 3% respectively. Other elements are then added to the melt before the final form is produced by casting.
Iron is sometimes melted in a special type of blast furnace known as a cupola, but more often melted in electric induction furnaces.
After melting is complete, the molten iron is poured into a holding furnace or ladle.
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